Progress check 2. Биболетова 11 класс
Progress check 2. Биболетова 11 класс. p. 75 – 77.
Ex. 1 a) a) Listen to a career officer talking about the importance of a person’s first job and decide whether these statements are true (T) or false (F). – Послушайте кадрового работника, который говорит о важности первой профессии и решите правильны утверждения или нет.
1 — F. Everyone likes his/her first job. — Каждый любит свою первую работу.
2 –T. Money is the main reason you get your first job. — Деньги является основной причиной, по которой вы устраиваетесь на свою первую работу.
3 — T. Your first job helps you to feel independent. — Ваша первая работа поможет вам чувствовать себя независимым.
4 – T. Your first job teaches you responsibility. — Ваша первая работа учит вас ответственности.
5 – F. You don’t have to show up to your first job. – Вам не придется смущаться вашей первой работы.
6 – F. If you are sick, your supervisor will find somebody to fill in. — Если вы больны, ваш руководитель найдет кем вас заменить.
7 – T. If you don’t do a good job, you will lose your position. – Если вы не делаете свою работу хорошо, вы потеряете свою позицию.
8 – F. You will use all your skills in your first job. — Вы будете применять все свои навыки на вашей первой работе.
9 – T. You will feel more adult because of our first job. — Вы будете чувствовать себя более взрослым из-за вашей первой работы.
10 – T. Your first job will help you to grow personally. — Ваша первая работа поможет вам вырасти лично.
Ex. 1 b) Listen again and choose the best option from the questions below. — Послушайте снова и выберите наилучший вариант из предложенных ниже.
1. Most people look forward to their first job because… Большинство людей с нетерпением ждет первого места работы, потому что …
a) it’s interesting. — это интересно.
b) it gives them money. — это дает им деньги.
c) it seems enjoyable. — кажется приятным.
2. Your first job… Ваша первая работа …
a) gives you independence. — дает независимость.
b) enables you to go on living with your parents. — позволяет жить со своими родителями.
c) provides you only monetary benefits. — дает вам только денежные преимущества.
3. To keep your first job you should… Чтобы сохранить свою первую работу вы должны …
a) be nice to your supervisor. — быть хорошим для своего руководителя.
b) attend work every day. — посещать работу каждый день.
c) find someone to work for you. — найти человека, чтобы он работал за вас.
4. Having your first job means you can… Наличие первой работы означает, что вы можете …
a) show your freedom to your parents. — показать свою свободу вашим родителям.
b) speak to them about your maturity. — говорить с ними о вашей зрелости.
c) do more of what you want. — делать больше того, что вы хотите.
5. Your first job might be… Ваша первая работа может быть …
a) fun. – веселой.
b) unskilled. — неквалифицированной.
c) unique. — уникальной.
Ex. 2 a) Read the texts and match them with the headings. There is one extra title. Прочитайте тексты и сопоставьте их с заголовками. Есть один лишний заголовок.
1E 2A ЗС 4B 5D
F — FREE EVENINGS — extra title
1 — E A ROLE REVERSAL
Every family needs a homemaker. Whether this is the mum or dad, or part-time from both is irrelevant. In our family, we chose the traditional role for me to stay at home, but some families choose the reverse, especially if the woman has the better-paid job. We have actually experienced both since I had to work full-time when my husband was made redundant and stayed at home for a time. The days when the person staying at home to look after the house and family was thought of as being «just a housewife» have long gone, especially now that there is a role reversal and it is sometimes the man who stays home.
Nowadays there is a lot of pride in being the «homemaker». It is one of the most worthwhile careers and the rewards, although not financial, are great. The family benefits from quality time from one parent all the time.
Обмен ролями
Каждая семья нуждается в хозяине дома. Будь то мама или папа, или оба по очереди, не имеет значения. В нашей семье, мы выбрали традиционную роль для меня, чтобы остаться дома, но некоторые семьи выбирают обратное, особенно если женщина имеет лучше оплачиваемую работу. Мы на самом деле оба опытные, так как я должна была работать полный рабочий день, когда мой муж был сокращен и сидел дома некоторое время. Времена, когда человек сидел дома, чтобы присматривать за домом и семьей, воспринимаясь как «просто домохозяйка», их уже давно нет, особенно сейчас, когда существует смена ролей, и иногда мужчина сидит дома. В настоящее время много гордости в том, чтобы быть «хранителем очага». Это одна из самых достойных карьер и наград, хотя и не финансовых. Семья все время выигрывает от качественного времени от одного из родителей.
2 — A THE PERFECT JOB
So, after my first baby arrived, I felt for years that I had the perfect job. I was my own boss. I could work when I wanted and have a rest when I wanted. If I didn’t feel like cleaning or doing the shopping and wanted to have a day off, that was fine. Nobody else would have to be asked to cover for me, my work could wait until I was ready to do it. Oh yes, it was hard work taking care of our home and our children and the hours were long, but the work was varied and very rewarding. In fact, being a homemaker was the perfect job for me. I was absolutely happy being a housewife and mum. Watching my children thrive, witnessing their first steps, hearing their first words and all the other milestones were worth more than any amount of money.
Идеальная работа
После того как родился мой первый ребенок, в течение многих лет я чувствовала, что у меня идеальная работа. Я была сама себе хозяйка. Я могла работать, когда я хотела, и отдыхать, когда хотела. Если я не хотела убираться или делать покупки и хотела иметь выходной день, это было прекрасно. Никого не приходилось просить прикрыть меня, моя работа может подождать, пока я не буду готова ее сделать. Ах, да, это была тяжелая работа заботиться о нашем доме и наших детях, и день был долгим, но работа была разнообразной и очень полезной. На самом деле, быть домохозяйкой была идеальная работа для меня. Я была абсолютно счастлива быть домохозяйкой и мамой. Смотреть, как мои дети растут, стать свидетелем их первых шагов, услышать первые слова и все другие вещи стоили больше, чем любое количество денег.
3 — С EXHAUSTING FOR ALL
I stayed at home until the youngest started school and then I went back to work part-time. The extra money was very helpful but I found it exhausting coping with the house and my job.
What amazes me is how people cope working full-time, looking after a home and bringing up children. I am surrounded by people like this where I now live. They have big houses, new cars, fancy clothes, they refurnish every couple of years or so, take numerous holidays. But when are they actually at home to enjoy all this? From 6.30 am the cars start leaving. Kids are woken up at some early hour, then driven through busy traffic to be dropped off at the child minder. The parent then has to travel to work. What happens if there is a blip in this tight schedule? What if the child has a tantrum or the car won’t start?
Then in the evenings the process starts again in reverse. The kids are picked up from school where they are in an after school club, then put to bed almost as soon as they get home. Everyone is exhausted. Where is the benefit to all this?
Изнурительно для всех
Я сидела дома, пока младший не пошел в школу, а потом я вернулась к работе на неполный рабочий день. Дополнительные деньги были очень полезны, но для меня было изнурительно справляться с домом и моей работой. Что меня поражает, как люди умудряются работать полный рабочий день, ухаживать за домом и воспитывать детей. Я окружена такими людьми, там, где я сейчас живу. У них есть большие дома, новые автомобили, модная одежда, которую они меняют каждые несколько лет или около того, справляют многочисленные праздники. Но когда они на самом деле дома, чтобы наслаждаться всем этим? С 6:30 утра автомобили начинают разъезжаться. Дети просыпаются в такой ранний час, затем едут по оживленным дорогам, чтобы их оставили у няни. Родитель затем должен ехать на работу. Что произойдет, если появится вспышка в этом плотном графике? Что делать, если у ребенка истерика или машина не заводится? Затем по вечерам процесс начинается снова в обратном порядке. Детей забирают из школы, где они находятся на внеклассных занятиях, а затем ложатся в постель почти сразу, как только они возвращаются домой. Каждый изнурен. Где преимущества от всего этого?
4 – В NEVER BORED
«I don’t know how you stay at home all day… I would be bored out of my mind», was a comment I often heard when I stayed at home. Was I bored?
Never! I mastered the housework so that I wasn’t a slave to it. Obviously, there was the cleaning to be done regularly but it was the sharing of the tidying up that made the difference. My family learnt to tidy up after themselves and if there was a bit of accumulated dust it would wait until the end of the week when a day was set aside for a thorough cleaning. I established a routine for the necessary chores that had to be done daily, but if they weren’t completed by lunchtime, they were left until the next day. That way I had time to pursue my own interests and to spend time with the children as well.
Никогда не скучно
«Я не знаю, как вы сидите дома весь день … Я бы с ума сошел от скуки», был комментарий, который я часто слышала, когда я сидела дома. Скучала ли я?
Никогда! Я освоила работу по дому, так что я не была ее рабом. Очевидно, что уборка проводилась регулярно, но это был обмен на генеральную уборку, а это две разные вещи. Моя семья научилась убирать за собой и, если было немного накопленной пыли, то она ждала до конца недели, когда был отведен день для тщательной уборки. Я установила процедуру для необходимых рутинных дел, которые должны были быть сделаны за день, но если они не были завершены к обеду, они остались только на следующий день. Таким образом, у меня было время, чтобы преследовать свои собственные интересы и также проводить время с детьми.
5 — D MONEY OR TIME?
There were financial downsides of course to staying at home. New clothes and regular hairdos were a luxury. Social outings were those which included the family, perhaps going for a walk in the countryside, or taking a picnic. Expensive meals in restaurants were way beyond our means and out of the question. After my second child my former boss asked if I would consider returning to work. The salary would have been very welcome but there was no way anyone was going to look after my children except me, until they were old enough to go to school. Money was less important to me than my family. Besides, I would still have to pay someone to care for my children.
Деньги или время?
Были финансовые недостатки конечно в том, что я сидела дома. Новая одежда и регулярные прически были роскошью. Общественные выходы в свет были те, которые включали в себя семью, возможно, прогулка в сельской местности, или пикник. Дорогие блюда в ресторанах были далеко за пределами наших возможностей, и о них не могло быть и речи. После рождения моего второго ребенка мой бывший босс спросил, не хотела бы я вернуться на работу. Зарплата была бы очень кстати, но не было никого, кто бы ухаживал за моими детьми, кроме меня, пока они не стали достаточно взрослыми, чтобы идти в школу. Деньги были менее важны для меня, чем моя семья. Кроме того, мне бы все равно пришлось платить тому, кто ухаживал бы за моими детьми.
Ex. 2 b) Read the texts again and decide which text mentions that homemaking… Прочитайте тексты снова и решите в каком тексте упоминается, что ведение домашнего хозяйства …
1 — 3. was easier than combining full-time work and housework. — было легче, чем сочетать полный рабочий день и работу по дому.
2 — 5. prevented the family from having social life. – помешало семье вести общественную жизнь.
3 – 4. helped someone to pursue his/her own interests. — помогло кому-то преследовать свои собственные интересы.
4 – 2. made someone very happy. — сделал кого очень счастливой.
5 – 1. has become a worthwhile career. – стало достойной карьерой.
6 – 2. gave someone much freedom. — дало кому-то много свободы.
7 – 2. is hard work with long hours. — это тяжелая работа долгими часами.
8 – 5. made for a financially difficult period. — подходил для финансово трудного периода.
9 – 1. is beneficial for the family. — выгодно для семьи.
10 – 4. helped the family to establish a certain routine. — помогал семье установить определенный режим.
Ex. 3 Fill in the gaps in the text with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. — Заполните пропуски в тексте правильными формами глаголов в скобках.
Dear Sarah,
Thank you for your Letter which I (o) received last week, it was really good to hear from you. you said you (1) had seen Anton recently but you didn’t say how he was. Please, let me know and give him my best regards.
I (2) have been in Novgorod for three months and I’m enjoying life here very much. I’ve been working as a manager since I (3) arrived and l find it really interesting.
I’m living in a small hotel at the moment, but I (4) am moving / am going to move to a flat next week. I’ve asked a friend of mine to share it with me.
I’m learning Russian and I can already understand what people around me are talking about. But I find it really difficult to speak Russian. I (5) will have finished the course by the end of the year and hope I feel more confident with this language.
You said you (6) were coming / were going to come to see me this Christmas. I hope you haven’t changed your mind. Don’t forget to bring some warm clothes as it gets really cold in winter.
If you (7) come I’ll show you around.
There’s an awful lot to see.
Love,
Dее
Дорогая Сара,
Спасибо за письмо, которое я получил на прошлой неделе, это было действительно здорово получить от тебя весточку. Ты сказала, что недавно видела Антона, но ты не сказала, как он. Пожалуйста, дай мне знать, и передай ему мои наилучшие пожелания.
Я нахожусь в Новгороде уже в течение трех месяцев, и мне очень нравится жизнь здесь. Я работаю в качестве менеджера, как только приехал и мне это действительно интересно. На данный момент я живу в небольшом отеле, но на следующей неделе я переезжаю в квартиру. Я попросил моего друга разделить ее со мной.
Я изучаю русский, и я уже могу понять, что говорят люди вокруг меня. Но я считаю, что это действительно трудно говорить по-русски. Я окончу курс к концу года и надеюсь, что буду чувствовать себя более уверенно с этим языком.
Ты сказала, что собирались приехать ко мне в это Рождество. Я надеюсь, ты не передумала. Не забудьте взять с собой теплую одежду, поскольку здесь становится действительно холодно зимой.
Если ты приедешь, я покажу тебе все.
Здесь очень многое надо увидеть.
С любовью,
Ди
Ex. 4 Fill in the gaps in the text with the correct forms of the words in CAPITAL LETTERS at the end of each line. — Заполните пропуски в тексте правильными формами слов, данными заглавными буквами в конце каждой строки.
Career choice
Making a career choice is one of the most difficult and most important (0) decisions we will ever make in our lives. It has to be made with much (1) thought and deliberation. Moreover, career choices cannot be made based on just a few criteria alone. Your job may carry great monetary (2) benefits and perks, but if you do not enjoy what you do then you are (3) foolishly wasting a large part of your life. At the same time, remember that money is also important for you need it to survive. So, if a job is all (4) satisfaction but no pay, things can get difficult.
Before you start choosing a perfect career, you need to know yourself first. But sometimes all this self-analysis leads to (5) nowhere. We end up more (6) confused than we were at the beginning. Then, the best way to deal with the dilemma is to think about (7) consulting a career counselor.
A career development professional will use various tools to help you evaluate your interests, personality, (8) skills and values. He or she will then show you how all these things, combined, play a role in choosing a career. You can also learn about a career by interviewing people who are already in that profession.
Once you have all the information you need, list out all the pros and cons of that particular job. Look at the various (9) alternatives. Check to see if the job gives you what you want from a career. Passion is the key word in selecting a career. Select something because you feel passionate about it, not because it is the latest thing in the job market.
Выбор карьеры
Выбор карьеры является одним из самых сложных и самых важных решений, которые мы когда-либо будем делать в нашей жизни. Это должно быть сделано осмысленно и взвешенно. Кроме того, выбор профессии не может быть сделан только на основе всего нескольких критериев. Ваша работа может предоставить большие денежные преимущества и льготы, но если вам не нравится то, что вы делаете, то вы глупо тратите большую часть своей жизни. В то же время следует помнить, что деньги тоже важны для вас, чтобы выжить. Так что, если работа приносит удовлетворение, но не оплачивается, это может быть трудно.
Перед тем как начать выбирать идеальную карьеру, вы должны знать себя в первую очередь. Но иногда самоанализ приводит в никуда. В конечном итоге мы запутываемся больше, чем в начале. Тогда, лучший способ справиться с дилеммой, подумать о консультации у советника по карьере.
Профессионал по развитию карьеры будет использовать различные инструменты, которые помогут вам оценить ваши интересы, личность, навыки и ценности. Он или она покажет вам, как все эти вещи, в сочетании, играют определенную роль в выборе профессии. Вы также можете узнать о карьере путем опроса людей, которые уже в этой профессии.
Если у вас есть вся необходимая информация, перечислить все плюсы и минусы этой конкретной работы. Посмотрите на различные альтернативы. Проверьте, дает ли эта работа вам то, что вы хотите от карьеры. Страсть является ключевым словом в выборе карьеры. Выберите то, к чему испытываете страсть, а не потому что это последняя вещь на рынке труда.
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Exploring your family. Биболетова 10 класс
Биболетова 10 класс Unit 2 Section 1 p. 54 — 58 ex. 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13.
Talking on family matters – Поговорим о семейных делах
Exploring your family — Исследуя свою семью
Ex. 2 Match the proverbs with their explanations and give the Russian equivalents. Then interpret the proverbs. Соотнесите пословицы с их объяснениями и привидите русские эквиваленты. Затем интепретируйте (дайте пояснения) пословицы.
1. It runs in the family. b) an ability or talent that is passed on through the generations — быть семейной чертой, семейным приданием — способность или талант, который передается из поколения в поколение.
2. Your own flesh and blood. a) a member of your family, no matter what — Ваша собственная плоть и кровь — один из членов вашей семьи, без разницы какой.
3. Blood is thicker than water. c) family ties are stronger than any others, despite arguments — Кровь не водица — семейные узы сильнее, чем любые другие, несмотря на аргументы
PRONUNCIATION FOCUS: WORD STRESS IN MULTI-SYLLABLE WORDS – ударение в многосложных словах.
Stress is the strength with which syllables are pronounced. English words with more than one syllable mostly have a fixed pattern.
There are not many rules to indicate which syllable of a word should be stressed. You have to learn the stress pattern together with its meaning, spelling and pronunciation.
Ударение — это сила, с которой произносятся слоги. Английские слова, состоящие из более чем одного слога в основном имеют фиксированный шаблон.
Есть не так много правил, указывающих, какой слог слова является ударным. Вы должны научиться распределению ударений вместе со смыслом, написанием и произношением.
Ex. 3 Listen to the words and repeat them. Put them into the following categories according to their pronunciation pattern. Use your Workbook. Послушайте слова и повторите их. Распределите их по категориям, в зависимости от произношения. Ипользуйте рабочую тетрадь.
| . . • . | . • . . | • .. | . • . | • . |
| fascinating captivating | enjoyable original repetitive monotonous remarkable | attractive fantastic | charming funny stunning boring puzzling striking tiring |
Ex. 4 Put the words from Ex. 3 in two groups positive and negative. Use your Workbook. Look up the words you don’t know in a dictionary. Разделите слова из упр. 3 на две группы положительные и отрицательные. Используйте рабочую тетрадь. Посмотрите слова, которые вы не знаете, в словаре.
Positive: fascinating — увлекательный, attractive — привлекательный, charming — обаятельный, funny — забавный, stunning — потрясающий, enjoyable — приятный, original — оригинальный, fantastic — фантастический, striking – яркий (поразительный), remarkable — замечательный, captivating – увлекательный (пленительный).
Negative: boring — скучный, puzzling — недоумевающий, tiring — утомительный, repetitive — повторяющийся, monotonous – монотонный (однообразный), striking — разительный
NB: the word striking can be both positive and negative
Ex. 7 Read the family stories and match them with the pictures. Прочитайте семейные истории и сопоставьте их с картинками.
A -3
Exploring her family’s past, Frances discovered that history does sometimes repeat itself — it’s surprising what can be unknowingly handed down through a family.
«I set out to find out about my family. But not having known about their history, or even who they were until I started out, I was surprised to find out about some of the connections we had. They did things the way I do them. Somehow we were a mirror of each other’s lives.
And that was the really exciting thing. What I discovered did actually give me a sense of knowing who I was. It’s somehow comforting to know that it’s all been done before and that you are truly your great grandfather’s great granddaughter! It’s a bit like saying you know that you are like your parents.
So it turns out I did exactly what my great grandfather did. I started a football team and encouraged the lads to build it up from there. It’s quite a coincidence because it’s just what he did.”
Исследуя прошлое своей семьи, Фрэнсис обнаружила, что история действительно иногда повторяется — это удивительно, что может бессознательно передаваться через поколения.
«Я намеревалась узнать о моей семье. Я не знала об их истории, или даже кем они были, пока не начала, и я была удивлена узнав о некоторых связях, которые у нас были. Они делали некоторые вещи, так же, как делаю их я. Так или иначе мы были отражением жизней друг друга.
И это было действительно увлекательно. То, что я обнаружила на самом деле дало мне чувство понимания кем я была.
Как-то приятно знать, что всё это было сделано до тебя и что ты действительно правнучка своего прадеда! Это немного походит на высказывание, вы знаете, что вы, похожи на своих родителей.
Вот и получается, я сделала именно то, что сделал мой прадед. Я собрала футбольную команду и призвала парней вступить в нее. Это настоящее совпадение, потому что это именно то, что он сделал когда-то».
B – 2
“If you can find out which of your ancestors lived through a particular era, you’ll find the history of that time really comes alive.” says John.
“You’ve got an immediate connection between members of your family going back, and the events that were happening at the time. I’ve managed to find a paper trail for my family back to about 1603.
I feel I have a direct connection with that period. Knowing some details about my family from that time, like where they were living, makes that period come alive, especially when I’ve actually visited some of the places they lived. And not only do you get a real sense of history when you set foot on a place where things have happened historically, but you also have that direct personal connection with it. It takes you back in time. It transports you to a different era.”
«Если вы выясните, кто из ваших предков пережил ту или иную эпоху, вы увидите, что история того времени действительно оживает.», говорит Джон.
«Возвращаясь назад вы получаете непосредственную связь между членами вашей семьи и событиями, которые происходили в то время. Мне удалось найти документальные сведения о моей семье, датируемые 1603 годом.
Я чувствую, что у меня есть прямая связь с тем периодом. Знания некоторых подробностей о моей семье из того времени, например где они жили, заставляет тот период ожить, особенно, когда я фактически посетил некоторые места, где они жили. И вы не только получите реальное чувство истории, когда вы ступите на место, где вещи произошли исторически, но у вас будет прямая личная связь с этим. Вас унесет назад во времени. Перенесет в другую эпоху.»
C – 4
Gary’s curiosity about his family led him to discovering a lot of fascinating information in his grandmother’s house.
«People did more personal things, like send postcards. I’ve discovered a lot of postcards in my grandmother’s house, all with these wonderful little messages on the back. It’s all part of the family research. You know… your family research isn’t just clicking on the internet and looking for the statistics to see just who lived where and when. It involves researching newspapers, old boxes and even drawers!
If only you could see the boxes and drawers I’ve looked through in the years that I’ve visited my grandmother’s house! She seems to have put everything into a box or drawer. And at the bottom there is often a photograph which if I simply ask, «Who’s that?» she responds «Oh, that’s Uncle Tim,” and soon I am getting a complete story from that. I’ve been lucky because my grandmother has saved so much of our history.
Любопытство Гари о семье привело его к открытию увлекательной информации в доме его бабушки.
«Люди делали личные вещи, например посылали открытки. Я обнаружил много открыток в доме моей бабушки, все с этими замечательными небольшими сообщениями на обороте. Это все часть семейного исследования. Знаете ли … ваше исследование семьи не просто клики в интернеле и просмотр статистики, что бы всего лишь увидеть кто, где и когда жил. Оно включает исследование газет, старых коробок и даже ящиков стола!
Если только вы могли видеть коробки и ящики, которые я просмотрел за годы в которые я навещал бабушкин дом. Она, кажется, складывала все в коробку или ящик. А на дне которых часто есть фотография, и если я просто спрошу «Кто это?», она отвечает «О, это дядя Тим», и в ближайшее время я получаю полную историю о нем. Мне повезло, потому что бабушка сохранила так много нашей истории.
D – 1
The birth of new children in a family causes many people, like Madeline, to think back to previous generations.
“When my first son was born … we were given one of those books where you put the first lock of hair, and first photography and all those sorts of things. There was also a section for filling in your family history. I realized straight away we didn’t know who my grandfather was. I was fascinated to find out where he came from and who he was, which started my favourite pastime. I’ve been doing this now for over 35 years.
It sparked in me the … the desire to find out as much as I could about the family.
I think it adds to your identity. It gives you a sense of who you are and where you’ve come from. It puts you in context. Particularly, these days when there’s a lot of divorce and family break-up … it’s perhaps even more important now than it once was.
Рождение новых детей в семье побуждает многих людей, например Мэдлин, вспомнить предыдущие поколения.
«Когда родился мой первый сын …, нам дали одну из тех книг, куда вы складываете первую прядь волос, первую фотографию и подобные вещи. Там так же был раздел для вашей семейной истории. Я сразу поняла, что мы не знали, кем был мой дедушка. Я была очарована выяснив откуда он происходил, и кем он был, и это стало моим любимым времяпрепровождением. Теперь я занимаюсь этим более 35 лет.
Это зажгло во мне … желание узнать о семье столько, сколько я смогу.
Я думаю, что это обогащает вашу личность. Это дает вам знание того, кто вы и откуда вы произошли. Это помещает вас в ту обстановку. Особенно в эти дни, когда много разводов и распадов семей … это, возможно, даже более важно, чем было раньше.
Ex. 8 Read the stories again and say which of the speakers… Прочитайте истории снова и скажите, кто из говорящих
a) had known nothing about his / her family before he / she started the research. (A, D) – ничего не знал о семье прежде чем начал исследования.
b) mentions different sources of information. (C) — упоминает различные источники информации.
c) felt as if he / she lived together with his / her ancestors for some time. (B) – чувствовал словно жил вместе со своими предками некоторое время.
d) believes family history helps him / her understand better who he / she is. (A, D) – считает, что семейная история поможет лучше понять кем он является.
e) values his / her grandmother’s stories a lot. (C) – очень ценит истории своей бабушки.
f) travelled to the places where his / her relatives had lived. (B) — ездил в те места, где жили его / ее родственники.
g) took his / her great grandfather’s occupation. (A) – перенял занятие прадедушки.
Ex. 9 Find in the texts (Ex. 7) the following verbs and match them with the definitions. Найдите в текстах следующие глаголы и соедините их с определениями.
1 hand down d) to give knowledge and skill to someone who is younger than you and will live on after you have died – передать — дать знания и умения тому, кто моложе чем вы и продолжит жить после вашей смерти.
2 find out g) to discover a fact or piece of information – выяснить — обнаружить факт или информацию.
3 start out i) to intend to do something, to begin doing something – начать – намереваться что-то сделать, начать что-то делать.
4 go back f) to return to a person, place, subject or activity – вернуться — вернуться к человеку, месту, предмету или деятельности.
5 come alive h) to seem to still exist, and be interesting and exciting – оживать — казаться, что все еще существует, и быть интересным и захватывающим.
6 take (someone) back a) to remind someone of something in the past – относить – напомнить кому-то о чем-то в прошлом.
7 take out e) to remove something from a pocket, bag, etc – вынести – убрать что-то из кармана, сумки.
8 think back b) to think about something that happened in the past – вспоминать – думать о чем-то, что случилось в прошлом.
9 come from c) to have been born in a particular place, to belong to a particular family or a social group – происходить из – быть рожденным в определенном месте, принадлежать к определенной семье или социальной группе.
Ex. 10 Fill in the gaps in the sentences using the verbs from Ex. 9. Make necessary changes. Заполните пропуски в предложениях используя глаголы из упр.9. Сделайте необходимые изменения.
1 My father comes from Novosibirsk. He finished school there and then his family moved here. – Мой отец родом из Новосибирска. Там он окончил школу и затем его семья переехала сюда.
2 This film always takes me back to my childhood. — Этот фильм всегда возвращает меня в детство.
3 Alex took out his camera to take a family photo. — Алекс достал камеру, чтобы сделать семейную фотографию.
4 Our town usually comes alive in summer when a lot of visitors come to spend their holidays near the lake. — Наш город обычно оживает летом, когда много посетителей приходят, чтобы провести свои выходные на берегу озера.
5 I started out on my research about five years ago and now I know a lot about my ancestors. Я начал свое исследование около пяти лет назад, и теперь я знаю многое о моих предках.
6 I’ve been trying to think back to our last meeting to understand what happened. — Я пытался вспомнить нашу последнюю встречу, чтобы понять, что произошло.
7 A talent for drawing has been handed down from generation to generation in the family. — Талант к рисованию передается из поколения в поколение в семье.
8 We had a wonderful time here and I’d like to go back to this place next winter. — Мы замечательно провели здесь время, и я хотел бы вернуться на это место следующей зимой.
9 We may never find out the truth about what happened. – Мы можем никогда не узнать правду о том, что произошло.
Ex. 11 Form meaningful expressions using the words from the two columns. You may use the words from the right column more than once. Use the texts from Ex. 7 to check your answers. Составьте значимые выражения, используя слова из двух колонок. Вы можете использовать слова из правой колонки более чем один раз. Используйте тексты из упр. 7 чтобы проверить свои ответы.
explore the past / history — исследовать прошлое / историю
find out a pastime / someone’s identity / connections / information — узнать (выяснить) времяпрепровождение / чью-то идентичность / связи / информацию
family research / history – семейное исследование / история
previous generations – предыдущие поколения
direct / immediate connections — прямые / непосредственные связи
a sense of history — чувство истории
fascinating history / pastime / information — захватывающая история / времяпрепровождение / информация
start research — начать исследование
add to someone’s identity — добавить к чьей-либо идентичности
put someone in context – поместить кого-то в обстановку
give someone a sense of something – дать кому-то чувство чего-то
Ex. 13 Do the tasks: Вполните задания
a) Complete the commentary from the TV talk show Stories from the past where Frances, John and Gary took part. Use the expressions following the conversation. – Дополните комментарии из ТВ ток-шоу Истории из прошлого, где Фрэнсис, Джон и Гари принимают участие. Используйте выражения, данные после разговора.
Host: Unfortunately, many of us know very little about our ancestors. But some people prove how much we can learn if we are really interested in family history.
Frances: That’s true. You know. I knew almost nothing even about my great grandparents. I was lucky because I found a lot of information in our local archive and from talking to some of our distant relatives.
John: Yes,… It’s a bit like reading a thrilling historical novel! It gives you a feeling you are a part of it. I was really surprised how much one can learn from old newspapers and archives.
Host: This is all really fascinating, but many people can’t spend the time in archives, and libraries may not have the necessary information. What would you advise them to do?
Gary: When I started my research I realised how much I can learn at home, just looking through old photos and some old things that are around in every family home, and, of course, the internet — a lot of curious facts can be found there: archive references and articles from newspapers.
Frances: Yes, you are right, but I feel we should talk more with our relatives — our grandparents. They do have a lot to tell us! It gives you a sense of belonging to a family and helps you understand yourself better. That’s exactly what has happened to me!
Ведущий: К сожалению, многие из нас знают очень мало о наших предках. Но некоторые люди показывают, сколько мы можем узнать, если мы действительно заинтересованы в семейной истории.
Фрэнсис: Это правда. Знаете ли. Я почти ничего не знал даже о моих прабабушке и прадедушке. Мне повезло, потому что я нашел много информации в нашем местном архиве и поговорив с нашими дальними родственниками.
Джон: Да, … Это немного похоже на чтение захватывающего исторического романа! Это дает тебе чувство, словно ты часть его. Я был действительно удивлен, как много можно узнать из старых газет и архивов.
Ведущий: Все это действительно увлекательно, но многие люди не могут проводить время в архивах, а в библиотеках может не быть необходимой информации. Что бы вы посоветовали им делать?
Гэри: Когда я начал свое исследование, я понял, как много я могу узнать дома, просто просматривая старые фотографии и некоторые старые вещи, которые есть в каждом доме, и, конечно, интернет – там можно найти много любопытных фактов: архивные справки и статьи из газет.
Фрэнсис: Да, вы правы, но я считаю, что мы больше должны говорить с нашими родственниками — нашими бабушками и дедушками. У них действительно есть что рассказать! Это дает вам чувство принадлежности к семье и помогает вам лучше понять себя. Это именно то, что случилось со мной!
teachershelp.ru
2. Say which facts given in the text were new to you.
Text
5
Private and State Colleges and Universities
Harvard
College was established in 1636, with the principal purpose of
providing a literate ministry for colonial churches. It was a small
institution, enrolling only 20 students in 1642 and 60 in 1660. It
soon became more than a theological training school and
established itself as a liberal arts college. The next
institution of higher learning established in the American
colonies was the College of William and Mary, which opened in 1693 at
Williamsburg, Virginia. Other colleges were founded in the next
century, but all of them remained small schools for long periods.
Students entered at the age of 14 and remained until they were
18, and the curriculum, while rigidly academic and classic was by
modern standards rather secondary in nature.
Private
colleges and universities were established in various
states. The first state university was the University of
Virginia, founded in 1819. Some state universities have large
endowment funds which provide a substantial portion of
their support. Other sources of income are student fees, gifts
and endowments.
In
general, higher education in the USA may be divided into two
broad fields: liberal arts and professional. Each of these fields may
be further subdivided into undergraduate and graduate levels.
The liberal arts program, on the undergraduate level, may be a
two-year junior college course, or a four-year course leading to a
degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science. The four-year
course is usually subdivided into a lower division (which may be
called the junior college), consisting of the two first years, and
the upper division, which is the last two years. The first two years
continue the general education and specialization begins in the third
year.
1. Remember the words and word-combinations:
literate
ministry — грамотные
священнослужители
theological
training school — школа
богословия
endowment
[in’daumənt] funds — фонды
пожертвований.
2. Skim through the text and say which of its paragraphs gives the information about:
a)
state universities,
b)
the first institutions of higher learning in the country,
c)
the two broad fields of higher education.
3. Find answers to the following questions in the text:
1)
When was Harvard College established?
2)
What was its original purpose?
3)
Was it a big or small institution?
4)
How many students studied at it at first?
5)
What was the next institution of higher learning established in the
American colonies?
6)
Which was the first state university?
7)
Which sources does the income of a state university come from?
8)
Does a state university charge student fees?
9)
What are the two fields of higher education in the USA?
10)
What are further subdivisions of these fields?
Text
6
Colleges and Universities
American
colleges and universities are either public or private, that is,
supported by public funds or supported privately by a church group or
other groups acting as private citizens although under a state
charter.
A
public institution is owned and operated by a government, either
a state or a municipal government. The government appropriates large
sums of money for the institution’s expenses. Yet these sums are
normally not sufficient to cover all expenses, and so the
institution is partially dependent on student fees and on gifts.
A
private institution receives no direct financial aid from any
government, municipal, state or federal. The money used to pay the
operating expenses has a threefold origin: tuition fees paid by the
students, money given in the form of gifts for immediate use, and the
income from invested capital in the possession of the institution and
originally received by the institution in the form of the gifts to be
invested with only the income to be spent.
Of
the nation’s nearly 1,900 institutions of higher learning
roughly one-third are state or city institutions. About 1,200 are
privately controlled. Approximately 700 of these are controlled
by religious groups. Less than half of these institutions are liberal
art colleges and universities which stress the languages,
history, science and philosophy. The rest are professional and
technological schools and junior colleges.
A
college is generally defined as an institution of higher learning
which offers a course of instruction over a four-year period, and
which grants a bachelor’s degree at the conclusion of studies. As
part of university, a college graduate is distinguished from a
graduate of professional school. However, the professional
schools in some universities are called colleges.
A
college prepares the student for two things: either graduate study
leading to master’s or doctor’s degree or a job immediately after
graduation. A student who majors in business administration for
example, may be fully prepared fop a career in business when he has
finished college.
On
the other hand, a student majoring in psychology often must do a
great deal of graduate work before he is competent in this field.
Students
are classified as freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors. A
freshman is a first year student, a sophomore, a second year student,
a junior, a third year student, and a senior, a fourth year student.
All students who have graduated from the senior class and who
continue studying at a university are classified as advanced
students or graduate students. Some graduate students receive
grants which cover the cost of their education; a person on such a
fellowship is called a university fellow.
studfiles.net
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Устная часть КИМ ОГЭ по английскому языку в себя 3 задания.
Задание 1 предусматривает чтение небольшого текста научно-популярного характера. Время на подготовку — 1,5 минуты. Максимальный балл — 2 балла.
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Предметное содержание речи
1. (Межличностные) взаимоотношения в семье
2. (Межличностные) взаимоотношения с друзьями и в школе
3. Внешность и характеристики человека
4. Досуг и увлечения (спорт, музыка, чтение, посещение кино/театра, дискотеки, кафе). Молодежная мода
5. Покупки. Карманные деньги
6. Переписка
7. Школьная жизнь. Изучаемые предметы и отношение к ним. Каникулы. Школьные обмены
8. Проблемы выбора профессии и роль иностранного языка
9. Страна/страны изучаемого языка и родная страна. Их географическое положение, климат, население, города и сёла, достопримечательности
10. Страна/страны изучаемого языка и родная страна. Их культурные особенности (национальные праздники, знаменательные даты, традиции, обычаи)
11. Выдающиеся люди родной страны и стран изучаемого языка, их вклад в науку и мировую культуру
12. Путешествие по странам изучаемого языка и по России
13. Технический прогресс
14. Глобальные проблемы современности
15. Средства массовой информации (пресса, телевидение, радио, Интернет)
16. Природа и проблемы экологии. Здоровый образ жизни.
I`d
like to give a talk about books.
People like reading books for many
reasons. To begin with, it can help
them improve their learning process. There are so many types of books that you
can find all the necessary information in them. Also, it`s one of the best ways to relax and to distract your mind
from every day duties because reading absorbs you totally. Finally, for some people reading is just a hobby.
I
mostly tend to fantasy books and novels because I find them thrilling. As for me, exactly these kinds of books
cause the deepest emotions.
It is quite a difficult question for
me, as everything depends on inspiration. However,
journey through time and space is the most interesting topic for me now.
All
in all, I firmly believe reading
books makes out life more interesting and every time I have a chance I take my
favourite book and explore another wonderful world.
I`d like to give a talk about sport in our life.
I think it`s important to have an exercise routine because it`s a good way to
be fit and that`s important for our health.. To begin with, if you exercise, you`ll lose your weight of you`ll
make sure you don`t gain weight. Also, you`ll feel better about yourself
and you`ll have more energy to do the things in life you want to do.
As for me, I have an exercise routine, as I play football at
school, so I get a lot of exercise this way. I do this form of exercise because
I`m really keen on playing sports.
Speaking
about where to do sports indoors or outdoors, I would choose to exercise
outside because it`s more enjoyable to be outdoors in the fresh air, or in a
park. Also, it doesn`t cost anything
to exercise outdoors.
All
in all, I firmly believe that everyone should find time to do sports
anyway.
Now I’d like to
give you a talk about diets because this topic is quite interesting and actual
today.
Today’s pace of
life is very fast, especially in big cities, so people are working more and
more and often forget about healthy eating and rest. As a result, they get
health problems, overweight, and of course, they decide to go on diets.
As for me, I go in
for sports and eat healthy home-made food – that’s all! I think it’s enough to
keep in shape. Most of people are also sure that healthy food can’t be tasty
but I disagree – you should just cook well and try new recipes. Maybe it will
help improve our eating habits and avoid different unpleasant events.
I firmly believe
that healthy lifestyle is something that is available for everybody.
That’s all I
wanted to say. Thank you for listening.
Now I’d like to
give you a talk about using computers by teenagers to express my own opinion as
it’s an interesting and actual topic in our life.
Using computers is
of course a very important part of today’s busy world. I’m sure that most
teenagers have their own computers to use – lack of gadgets means problems with
communication. Without them you can’t get news, talk to your friends and find
information.
To my mind,
teenagers use computers at least once a day (sometimes twice, three times or
even more) for surfing the Net to find all the needed information, for chatting
with their friends and so on. Children also watch films and play games on
computers.
What about me and
gadgets, I’d like to buy an electronic book as it doesn’t harm our health and
it’s also a very useful thing.
All in all, I
firmly believe that computers make our life more interesting and, to be honest,
I often use my computer in my everyday life.
That’s all I can
say about teenagers using computers, thank you for listerning.
I. Global problems является одной из сложных тем,
и прежде чем мы перейдем к ее обсуждению, я настоятельно рекомендую вам выучить
необходимую лексику по теме и выполнить несколько упражнений. Ответы к упражнениям присылайте на мою почту.
The environment (=air, water and land around us)
Many people believe we are destroying
the environment. (If you ‘destroy’ something, you damage it so badly it does
not exist any more.) For example:
Cars and factories pollute
the air. (=make the air dirty)
We continue to cut down
rainforests and increase the danger of global warming.(= an increase
in temperature because of increase of carbon dioxide around the earth)
How can the planet (earth) survive?
(= continue to exist)
· We must save/conserve (= use less and use
well) natural resources (e.g. water, oil and gas). We mustn’t waste
them. (= use them badly)
· We must protect animals and plants. (= keep them
safe from human damage)
· We mustn’t throw away bottles and cans. We must
recycle them. (= use them again)
Many of the verbs above form
common nouns:
A disaster is when something
terrible happens and people often die. A natural disaster is caused by nature.
For example:
famine ( = situation where
people die because there isn’t enough food )
drought ( = no rain for a
long period of time; this often causes famine)
floods ( = too much rain in a
short period of time, causing damage to houses and land )
earthquakes (= violent
movement of the earth; buildings are often destroyed)
War and peace
A war is a long period of
fighting between two or more countries. Some countries have been at war ( =
fighting a war) for years. There are also civil wars ( = fighting between two
or more groups in the same country). These are some of the most violent –
soldiers ( = the people in the army) are killed, but many civilians ( = people
not in the army or navy, etc.) also die. Wars often end with a peace settlement.
( = both sides agree to stop fighting)
Terrorism
This is violent action for
political reasons. People who do this are terrorists. A common terrorist crime
is planting bombs ( = putting bombs in public places) often to kill/assassinate
( = to kill a famous person, often for a political reason) important people.
Terrorists also hijack planes and buses ( = take control of them by force). The
people on board then become prisoners (called hostages). The terrorists may
agree to release the hostages ( = permit the hostages to go free) if
governments agree to their demands ( = what they ask for), perhaps giving them
money or releasing other terrorists from prison.
Attention! Many words in bold in this article are difficult to pronounce. Check the pronunciation in the dictionary and practise saying the words.
VOCABULARY EXERCISES
1. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the appropriate word from the box.
floods |
1. The crops have failed again and …… is widespread.
2. The latest San Francisco ………. measured 4.5 on the Richter scale.
3. In case of …………… break the glass and push the button.
4. Half a million …………….. have now crossed the border in an attempt to find food.
5. I never give to ………… . I think it should be the government’s responsibility.
6. Many children have suffered terrible …………….. as a redsult of the fighting.
7. A new …………… has been discovered which causes partial blindness and skin problems.
8. There has been a ………….. in certain parts of the country due to the lack of rain.
9. There has been so much rain that some rivers have burst their banks and there have been ……. .
WORD FORMATION
1. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. The ……………………… of the ozone layer is one of the worst things that has happened. (destroy)
2. If we don’t send food, there will be ……………………. on a massive scale. (starve)
3. We need to find a …………….. to the problem before things get seriously out of hand. (solve)
4. It is shocking that ten per cent of the population live below the ………… line. (poor)
5. Some of the most beautiful Indian tigers are facing ……………. . (extinct)
6. If the ………………… (pollute) gets any worse, I’m going to move to the country.
7. I believe the ……………….. of the planet is worth fighting for. (survive)
2. Fill in the spaces in the following text using a suitable form of the words given in brackets.
1. It is no exaggeration to say that the world has become a global village. Modern methods of ………………….. (communicate) have made the world much smaller and the problems we face such as ………………….. (pollute) are not restricted to one country. The …………….. (destroy) of the rainforests in Brazil is everyone’s problem and the ………………. (starve) which is common in many countries is challenge for Europe too. The …………………. (extinct) of rare species is a tragedy for the planet as a whole and the …………….. (exhaust) of oil supplies will shake the ……………. (found) of the world’s economy. The ………………. (protect) of the environment is the the responsibilityof all nations, rich and poor. However, uncontrolled economic ………………… (complete) between strong and weak nations leads to ………………….. (create) of great inequality between the rich and poor nations of the world.
II. Shopping
Read the text and learn the
vocabulary.
We live
in a consumer society. The streets of our cities are full of
advertisements offering to buy a new product of a famous brand. Our TV programs
are interrupted by hours of commercials advertising new super shops,
washing powder and food, and we are ready to spend big sums of money to look
more fashionable, to have a cosier house or to eat tastier meals. To
tell the truth, shopping has become a vital part of our lifestyle, a
hobby or even an addiction.
There
are a lot of types of shops: if you want to buy meat you go to a butcher’s,
if you want to buy bread you visit a bakery. If you want to buy fruit or
vegetables you go to a greengrocer’s, if you need not only food but some
cleaning materials as well you choose a supermarket. All items are neatly
wrapped and conveniently displayed on special shelves or racks
or kept in refrigerators. You can walk among the rows with a shopping basket or
a trolley, choosing things. You can take and study them, put them back
and take again later. Nobody tells you to hurry with the shopping. Finally you
have to pay at the cashier’s desk.
For many
people shopping is a nightmare: the crowds, the queues, walking from
shop to shop just for something that matches their new outfit or for a
special birthday present. The situation has changed greatly recently with the establishing
of huge shopping centers or shopping malls as they are called in the USA.
Shopping has become a sort of entertainment for the whole family. Numerous departments
with clothes, shoes, perfume, furniture, electrical appliances and
toys; restaurants and cafes; cinemas and discos; children’s playgrounds and
sport centers provide a family week-end under one roof for all tastes
and wallets.
While
speaking about shopping, which some people call a waste of time and money, we
need to say of payment. You can pay either cash or by credit card. When you buy
something in a shop, you usually pay for it outright but sometimes you
buy on credit. Sometimes you may
be offered a discount or a reduction. If you want to return
something that you have bought to a shop, you may be given a refund,
provided you have a receipt. Never forget to check your change at
the cashier’s desk and always ask for a guarantee if it is an electrical appliance.
Follow
these simple rules and shopping can become a cure from stress and hectic
lifestyle.
Ребята!
Еще раз
прочитайте текст, выучите слова по теме (они подчеркнуты в тексте). Ответьте на
вопросы и напишите свое сочинение. Ваши работы присылайте на Gmail.
Modern society is called “the
consumers’ society”.
Do you agree?
·
How often do you do shopping
and who do you usually go with
·
What do you usually buy? Tell
about your preferences
(in clothes, for example)
·
Do you believe advertisements?
Which one is your favourite?
·
Is money important for you and
why? Your attitude to pocket
money.
III. Healthy living guide
Read the text and learn the
vocabulary.
There is
nothing important than your health. “Health is above wealth”, wise people
say because you can’t be good at your studies or work well if you don’t take
care of your health. Sport helps people to keep in good health and become
strong, to develop physical skills. It also makes them more organised and
better disciplined in their daily activities.
Sport is
very important, but you shouldn’t forget about eating healthy food and getting
sufficient sleep at least seven or eight hours. Obesity and physical
inactivity lead to different diseases. A lot of young people are under the
influence of modern bad habits such as smoking and drinking too much alcohol or
beer, sleeping too much or too little, eating meals and skipping breakfast. All
these bad habits ruin people’s health and you should give them up.
As for
me I try to take care of my health, though sometimes it’s very difficult. In
the morning I usually do morning exercises. In the summer, I ride my bike a
lot, play badminton and go hiking. In the winter I go skiing in the local park.
But unfortunately I have some problems in eating healthily. I like eating cakes
and chocolate very much. In fact, sometimes I’m also too lazy to do morning
exercises. But I can be proud of myself as I started going to the swimming pool
twice a week and never missed a session. I enjoy swimming and think that any
sports activity makes my body flexible, helps me to feel better and to
relax.
Ребята! Еще раз
прочитайте текст. Ответьте на вопросы и напишите свое сочинение. Ваши работы
присылайте на Gmail.
Nowadays people speak a
lot about healthy way of living
- what is it? (food, activities, lifestyle)
- what is better to do sport or to watch TV
- Why smoking and junk food are bad for health
- what kinds of sport you prefer and do
IV. Outstanding people of Great Britain
Great
Britain made a great contribution to the science, literature, music and art of the world. It gave mankind a lot of outstanding scientists, writers and poets, musicians and painters.
William Shakespeare is one of the famous writers in the world. His plays “Romeo and Juliet”, “Hamlet, Prince of Denmark”, “King Lear”, “Macbeth” were translated
into almost every language and staged in every theatre. He described the characters and feelings, which can be called international and living forever.
Daniel Defoe, Robert Burns, Walter Scott, Charles Dickens, Lewis Caroll are only a few names well-known all over the world.
Isaac
Newton one of the greatest men in the history of science was born in a little
village in the middle of the 17th century. He studied math at Cambridge
University. Newton’s contribution to physics astronomy and math is so great
that, he may be considered the founder of the modern mathematics and physics.
He discovered the law of motion and the universal law of gravitation. He studied
the nature of light and colour and came to the conclusion that white colour
consists of many different colours known as spectrum. He died when he was 84
and was buried at Westminster Abbey.
Michael
Faraday was born at the end of the 17th century. He was interested in
electricity very much and spent long months studying this strange force. He
discovered that electricity passed from the magnet to the wires and cowbell
became a strong electric current. So he opened many laws of electricity and
magnetism.
Charles
Darwin was born in the beginning of the 19th century. He was a great biologist.
He created a new theory of evolution. Once there were only simple organisms
living in the seas, hundreds millions of years they have developed to produce
all the different kinds of animals and plants we know today.
Alexander
Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin was born in Scotland. He spent his
working hours almost entirely in hospitals and labs. His discovery of
penicillin in 1929 did more to help suffering people than anything else for
centuries. When he died in 1955 his old friend said: “… by his work he relieved
more suffering than any other living man”.
Outstanding
people of Russia
It is necessary to say that
great contribution to the development of the world science and culture,
literature, music and painting was made by the Russian people. The names of
Russian scientists and writers, poets, composers and painters are world-famous
— Pushkin, Lermontov, Chehov, Levitan. This chain can be endless.
It
is almost impossible to name a branch of science in the development of which
the Russian scientists haven’t played the greatest role. M.Y. Lomonosov, the
founder of the Moscow University was an outstanding innovator both in the
humanities and sciences. Mendeleev’s greatest discovery was the Periodic System
of Elements. Popov invented radio. Sechenov and Pavlov were the world’s
greatest physiologists. Russia is rightly called the mother of aviation and cosmonautics.
Names of Tsiolkovsky, Korolov and Gagarin are symbols of new space era.
People
in many countries admire paintings, portraits and landscapes created by
Surikov, Levitan, Repin. Works of our Russian writers and poets are translated
into many languages.
One of the greatest Russians is Pyotr
Ilyich Tchaikovsky, an outstanding Russian composer, born in Votkinsk in 1840.
He was fond of music since his early childhood. His mother sang him beautiful
songs and taught him to play the piano. He graduated from the Petersburg
Conservatoire only in 1866 because of his poor living conditions. He was the
best pupil of Anton Rubinstein. When the Moscow Conservatoire was founded,
Pyotr Ilyich became a professor there. He created wonderful music: 10 operas, 3
ballets, 6 symphonies, 7 large symphonic poems and many other musical pieces, a
new type of opera, which was a great success all over the world.
One more person I deeply admire is
Sakharov, an outstanding scientist and public figure. He worked on hydrogen
bomb and came to conclusion that any atomic and nuclear weapon should be
banned. He protested against the invasion in Afghanistan, against any violation
of human rights. Abroad he was recognised as a civil rights activist and
received the Nobel Prize. At home he was persecuted, deprived of all his titles
and orders and exiled to the city of Gorky. Only in 1985 he was allowed to come
back to Moscow. He was given back all his titles and was elected a deputy of
the Supreme Soviet. He said that our society should develop in a new direction
and foresaw the changes that are taking place now.
Ребята! Еще раз прочитайте текст. Ответьте на вопросы и напишите
свое сочинение.
Outstanding people of Russia and English speaking countries.
some biographical facts
the impact to science or world culture
V. Scientific and technological progress
It is impossible to overestimate the role of science and technology in
our life. We can’t imagine our contemporary life without telephones and cars,
computers and many other devices created or modified by science. Now we live in
the information era when the computer network embraces the globe and connects
not only the countries and space stations but also a lot of people all over the
world. New technologies are being widely developed and used in different
spheres of life.
Modern society cannot live without computers. Everything people do in
the modern world is controlled by computers. Computers help us in our everyday
activities. Nowadays people can get information about art, science not only
from the books but from the Internet as well. The Internet is the wonder of our
time. With its help people get the information they need. The Internet, the
global communication system, breaks the traditional notions of space and time. People
can move anywhere they want in a twinkle of an eye. Computers help pupils and
students to study different subjects and translate foreign texts, they even
entertain us during our leisure. You can type your reports with the help of
computers. Computers can check your grammar. You can chat online, meet new
friends from different countries, you can practice your English chatting on the
NET. You can order everything on the Internet. There are millions of websites;
you can buy almost everything over the Internet.
Some words about the history of the computers: the Internet first
started when it first became possible to move information electronically from
one computer to another, it was on the 20th of October in 1969 in
California. The first e-mail was sent in 1972.
But of course computers have disadvantages. Among the most important
ones we should mention poor health and eyestrain. Besides, some people do not
communicate with each other because they live in artificial world of computers
.
Ребята!
Прочитайте текст и составьте свой рассказ, используя план, данный ниже. Не забудьте
указать плюсы и минусы компьютеров, а также, какую роль играют компьютеры в
вашей жизни!
Technological progress in different spheres of life
-
the role of computers and other electronic devices in
our life -
the history of computers - advantages/disadvantages of computers
the Internet, what you need to start surfing the Internet- computers in your life
Holidays
in Russia
There are some holidays in Russia. They are New
Year’s Day, Christmas, Women’s Day, Day of the Defender of Motherland, May Day,
Victory Day and Independence Day.
New
Year’s Day is the favourite holiday of many people
in Russia. We celebrate this holiday on the 31st of December and a
lot of people consider New Year’s Day to be a family holiday. They have New
Years parties at home. They greet the New Year with champagne and listen to the
Kremlin chimes beating 12 o’clock. Some people begin to prepare to this holiday
beforehand. They buy a New Year tree and decorate it with toys.
Russian people celebrate Christmas on the 7th of January. On that day a lot of
people go to church services.
Easter
is a Christian holiday in March or April. On this day Christians remember the
death of Christ and his return to life. They go to church and have a
celebration dinner. The most popular emblem of Easter is the Easter egg. People
paint hard-boiled eggs in different colours and bake Easter cakes.
Women’s
Day is celebrated on the 8th of
March. On that day men usually give women flowers and presents. They do
everything about the house and cook the meals.
Victory
Day is the greatest national holiday in our
country. On the 9th of May 1945 the Soviet Army completely defeated
the German fascist and the Second World War ended. Many veterans take part in
military parade and lay wreaths on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. All people
stand in silence for a minute.
Independence
Day is celebrated on the 12th of
June. On that day in 1992 the first president of Russia was elected.
Holidays
in Great Britain
There are some
public holidays in Great Britain. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New
Year’s Day, Good Friday, Easter, and May Spring Festival.
Christmas
is the most popular holiday in Britain. It is celebrated on the 25th
of the December. People spend time at home, with their families, many people
are travelling home to be with their families. On this day they eat special
food (turkey, potatoes, green vegetables, a Christmas pudding) and drink a lot.
Many people decorate Christmas trees with toys and little coloured lights.
People buy Christmas cards and send them to their friends and relatives. Long
before this holiday the shops are busy, because a lot of people buy Christmas
presents. In churches people sing Christmas carols – special religious songs.
On Christmas Eve (t 24th of December)
some people go to special church service. It is called Midnight Mass. The day
after Christmas is called Boxing Day. The priest in church
opens boxes with money and presents and gives to the poor people. Everybody
give presents to each other.
New
Year’s Day is less popular in Britain than
Christmas. Some people don’t celebrate it at all. Some people have parties. At
midnight they listen to chimes of Big Ben, drink a toast to the New Year and
sing Auld Lang Syne.
May
Spring Festival is celebrated on the 1st
of May. Girls put on their best summer dresses and put flowers in their hair.
The most beautiful girl is crowned with a garland of flowers.
Besides
public holidays there are other festivals, such as Pancake Day, April Fool’s Day, Halloween, Guy Fawkes Day, St.
Valentine’s Day and many others.
St.
Valentine’s Day is celebrated on the 14th
of February. It is the day of sweethearts. On this day people send cards, candy
or flowers to those whom they love.
At Easter
time, the British celebrate the idea of new births by giving each other
chocolate Easter eggs which are eaten on Easter Sunday.
Guy
Fawkes Day is one of the most popular festivals in
Britain. It is celebrated on the 5th of November. On that Day, in
1605, Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Houses of
Parliament and kill King James I. But the King’s men found the bomb,
took Guy Fawkes to the Tower and cut off his head. Since that day the British
burn a dummy, made of straw and old clothes, on a bonfire and let off
fireworks. This dummy is called a “guy”.
Children go about the streets saying “Penny for the guy.” If they collect
enough money they buy some fireworks for the festival.
Pancake
Day is in February. On that day it is a
tradition to eat lots of pancakes. Some towns also hold pancake races on that
day. People run through the streets holding a frying pan and throwing the
pancake in the air.
Halloween
In Great Britain there is a nice
holiday Hallowe`en ( the night of all saints) . It`s an ancient holiday that
marked the end of summer sunshine and the beginning of winter’s darkness with
arrival of witches, ghosts and demons.
People
put pumpkins on the window sills; they draw eyes, noses and mouths on the
pumpkins and put candles into them. So pumpkins look like a face. People dress
up in funny clothes, they have parties and go from house to house and say
trick or treat.
Ребята! Прочитайте текст и составьте свой рассказ, используя план, данный ниже. Не забудьте рассказать о своем любимом празднике!
Holidays
and traditions in Russia and Britain
·
Tell
about the most popular holidays in Britain
·
Compare
British holidays and Russian holidays
·
Speak
about food, decorations, activities
·
What
is your favourite holiday
VII. School №622
School №622
was opened on September 1, 1992. It is a set of modern buildings located in
ecologically clean park region near Suzdalskiye Lakes of Saint-Petersburg. There are more than
1000 students at three grades of education: Primary, Secondary and High from
the age of 7 to 17-18. Students start
learning English at the age of 8 and in the 5th form they are taught their
second foreign language – German. Much attention is paid to Civil Studies.
Our school
has an unusual architecture. The main parts of the School building are the Head
and Deputy Heads’ offices, the Educational building and Sports Training Part
consisting of 2 swimming pools and 3 gyms, the canteen with modern and safety
equipment and the assembly hall for 300 seats.
There are
language laboratories, specially equipped classrooms for Biology, Chemistry, Geography,
Maths, Physics, Russian Language and Literature, Computer classes, Art and
Music in the educational part of our school.
In our
school we have 6 lessons every day, from Monday to Saturday. From the 5th form
students go to school 6 days a week. Our school day is from 9 o’clock in the
morning until 2:45 in the afternoon. Our school subjects are: Russian language
and Literature, Maths, History, Biology, Chemistry, Geography, Physics, IT, English
and German languages, Civil Studies, Technical Drawing and others.
Among the
variety of school subjects I like …… because …………
There are a
lot of activities and duties in our school. For example, from the 9th form we
must be on duty in the school hall. Pupils can also participate in school
competitions.
In my
opinion our school has got very strict rules. We must wear uniform every day.
Our clothes and appearance must be neat. We are not allowed to be late for
lessons and miss classes. We are not allowed to run though the corridors and
use mobile phones during the lessons. But some of students like breaking these
rules.
The
teaching staff consists of highly educated, creative and enthusiastic
specialists whose aim is to revive the tradition of educating the intelligent
people of St Petersburg.
To my mind,
our school has got a lot of advantages, like highly educated teaching stuff,
the difference of activities and well-equipped classrooms and laboratories. But
I think that the rules may not be so strict. It would be better to change our
timetable and study five days a week.
School
subjects: Art, Biology,
Chemistry, Geography, Maths, Physics, Russian Language and Literature, History,
Computer studies, Music, Algebra, Geometry, German, P.E., IT, Technical Drawing
Teachers: qualified, experienced, strict, tolerant, patient,
kind, helpful, fair.
Head teacher, Deputy Head, Head of English
Facilities: a computer room, a library, a gym, a swimming pool,
a science lab
Activities: dancing club, drama club, choir
School
and classrooms: (quite)
big/large, beautiful, light, well-planned, well-equipped, spacious,
comfortable, cosy.
Canteen: noisy, busy, clean.
Lessons: informative, useful, enjoyable
High-quality education
Strict discipline, punishment
Be good at/ be interested in/ be found of literature
Be situated in
Attend school
A four-storey building
Sport equipment
Ребята! Прочитайте текст и составьте свой рассказ, используя план, данный ниже. Не забудьте рассказать о самообразовании!
Tell about school you study in:
·
building, classrooms, facilities
·
timetable, rules, duties, activities, favourite
subjects
·
classmates, teachers staff
·
advantages, disadvantages, what you would like to
change
·
tell about the ways of self- education (books,
mass-media, meeting people)
Entertainment and leisure activities
Our world would be hard without rest and recreation. People have quite different ideas of how to spend their free time. For some of them the only way to relax is watching TV or surfing the Net, others use their spare time getting maximum benefit from it. If you enjoy doing some activity in your free time, then you have a hobby. A hobby is a kind of self-expression and the way to understand other people and the whole world.
Lot of people find going to the cinema one of the best ways of spending their leisure time. There is no doubt that a visit to the cinema is excellent entertainment, and quite cheap. You an always find a film you like among horror films, thrillers, westerns or comedies. Despite the fact that video production has flooded the market, cinema houses haven’t become less popular. Thanks to new equipment that provides an excellent quality of picture and sound, modern cinemas attract a lot of people.
Watching television is another popular form of entertainment. Television satisfies the interests of many people due to the variety of TV programs: feature and documentary films, sitcoms, news, sport games and so on. Unfortunately, many people watch too much TV and may be called couch potatoes (the ones sitting in comfortable chairs, munching on potato chips, watching programs on TV).
The new lifestyle brought great changes in the theatre. We are to admit that theatre is not as popular now as it used to be. However, quite a lot of people consider it to be one of the most popular forms of entertainment. Living in Saint Petersburg you can really take advantage of its theatreland. There are drama theatres, opera houses, comedy theatres, puppet theatres where the audience is excited by the prospect of seeing a play and its favourite actors.
Other popular forms of entertainment and spending leisure time are…
As for me, I can say I have a lot of free time for entertainment. However, whenever I get some, I do my best to have as much fun as possible. Most of all I like hanging out with my friends. If someone suggest going out, I always agree. The next thing I adore is having my friends over. We play computer games, chat, listen to music, dance and have fun. One more thing I like doing is to eat out. In recent years going out for a meal or having takeaway meals has become popular. Unfortunately, it is quite expensive and I have to ask for some pocket money.
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